Tanrının Varlığına Dair +70 Argüman

 

Tanrının Varlığına Dair +70 Argüman 

Yazar: Onur Kenan Aydoğdu

(Hacettepe Üniversitesi / Biyoloji Bölümü)

I. Traditional Arguments (Geleneksel Argümanlar)

 1. Cosmological

 1.1 Thomistic

 1.2  Leibnizian

 1.3 Kalam 

 1.4 Inductive

 1.5 Modal

2. Teologicial 

2.1 Irreducible complexity ( Paley, Behe) (İndirgenemez karmaşıklık)

2.2 Origion of life (Hayatın kökeni)

2.3 Fine-Tunning ( Hassas Ayar )

2.4 Proper function in nature (Doğada uygun işlev)

2.5 İnformation (Meyer) (Bilgi)

3. Moral (Ahlaki)

3.1 From Objective good and evil (Nesnel İyi ve Kötü)

3.2 From Objective duties , obligations and norms 

3.3 Human dignity and worth

3.4 Justice (Adalet)

3.5 Natural Rights 

3.6 Altruism and supererogation

4.Ontological 

4.1 Anselm

4.2 Descartes

4.3 Spinoza

4.4 Leibniz

4.5 Godel

4.6 Hartshorne

4.7 Malcolm 

4.8 Plantinga

4.9 Lowe

4.10 Maydole

4.11 Almedia

4.12 Nagasawa

5. Pragmatic

5.1 Pascal's Wager

5.2 Mil and James Wager ( Jordan , Betty )

5.3 Kierkegaardian faith (Koons)

6.Experiential

6.1 Direct Perception (Alston)

6.2 Seemings and proper basicality (Swinburne)

6.3 Numinous perception (Otto)

6.4 Transformed lives (Alston, Moser, Rota)

6.5 Motivational center of lives (Pruss)

6.6 Ontomystical (Pruss)

7.Miracles

7.1 Historical (e.g. resurrection)

7.2 Contempoary (e.g. healings)

7.3 Fulfiled prophecy (McGrew)

II. Non-Traditional Arguments

1.Metaphysical

1.1. Abstracta

1.2 Unities (Vallicella, Braine , Kranen & Menssen , Juarez)

1.3 Limits ( Rasmussen)

1.4 Epistemic Probability (Otte)

1.5 Set Theory (Menzel)

1.6 Applicability of mathematics 

1.7 Anti-realism (Lettow)

2. Nomological

2.1 Laws as counterfactuals  of divine freedom ( Ratzsch) 

2.2 Laws as prescriptive regularities (Swinburne, Faster)

2.3 Laws as dispasitional powers (Dumsday, Orr)

2.4 Thermodynamics (Montan)

3.Noological

3.1 Correlations between brain and mantel states ( Swinburne, Adam)

3.2 Existence of nonphysical mental states and free will (Moreland)

3.3 Argument from gratuitious pleasures (Paley, Kreeft)

3.4 Argument from reason (Hasker , Goetz)

3.5 Argument from nature of knowledge ( R.Smith , McNabb )

3.6 From the Naturalness of theistic belief ( Barret )

3.7 Argument from truth anti-realism (Dummet, Plantinga, Rea )

3.8 From Fitch-style knowability proofs (Bigelow , Rutten )

3.9 Transcendental 

4.Linguistic

4.1 Argument from communitarian consept formation (Haldane)

4.2 The Origion of Language 

4.3 Argument form semantic content (Bonevac)

4.4 Argument from semantic indeterminism  (Pruss)

5.Axiological

5.1 Deantic (Rice, Kardig , Vallicella)

5.2 From objective beauty , natural and artistic

5.3 Natural beauty as product of aesthetic intent

5.4 Natural beauty as a gift 

5.5 From aesthetic and artistic faculties

6. Anthropological

6.1 Argument from desire 

6.2 Argument from love 

6.3 Argument from meaning in and of line

6 4 Argument from play and enjoyment

6.5 Political ( from political authority , Smith's imvisible hand) 

6.6 Pascal's anthropological argument

6.7 Consencus gentuim

 7. Meta Argument 

7.1 The Argument from so many arguments